Reba kuri moteri itandukanye ya moteri iboneka nuburyo bwo guhitamo ubwoko bwiza bwa porogaramu yawe.
Ingingo ikurikira nincamake yubwoko butandukanye bwa moteri yumurongo iboneka, harimo amahame yimikorere yabo, amateka yiterambere rya magnesi zihoraho, uburyo bwo gushushanya moteri yumurongo ninganda zikoresha buri bwoko bwa moteri yumurongo.
Ikoranabuhanga rya moteri yumurongo rirashobora kuba: Moteri yumurongo wa LIM (LIM) cyangwa Imashini ihoraho ya Magnetiki Umurongo wa Syncronous Motors (PMLSM).PMLSM irashobora kuba ibyuma cyangwa ibyuma.Moteri zose ziraboneka muburyo buboneye cyangwa tubular.Hiwin amaze imyaka 20 ku isonga mu gushushanya ibinyabiziga no gukora umurongo.
Ibyiza bya Moteri ya Linear
Moteri y'umurongo ikoreshwa mugutanga icyerekezo cyumurongo, ni ukuvuga kwimura umutwaro watanzwe kumuvuduko wateganijwe, umuvuduko, intera yingendo nukuri.Tekinoroji zose zigenda zitari umurongo wa moteri itwarwa nuburyo bumwe bwimashini yoguhindura icyerekezo cyumurongo.Sisitemu yo kugenda itwarwa nu mipira yumupira, umukandara cyangwa rack na pinion.Ubuzima bwa serivisi yizi drives zose bushingiye cyane kumyambarire yimashini ikoreshwa muguhindura icyerekezo cyumurongo kandi ni kigufi.
Inyungu nyamukuru ya moteri yumurongo nugutanga umurongo utagira sisitemu yubukanishi kuko umwuka nuburyo bwogukwirakwiza, kubwibyo moteri yumurongo ni moteri idafite umuvuduko, itanga ubuzima bwa serivisi butagira imipaka.Kuberako nta bice bya mashini bikoreshwa mukubyara umurongo, kwihuta cyane ni umuvuduko birashoboka aho izindi drives nka screw imipira, umukandara cyangwa rack na pinion bizahura nimbogamizi zikomeye.
Moteri yo Kwinjiza Imirongo
Igishushanyo 1
Moteri yo kwinjiza umurongo (LIM) niyo yahimbwe bwa mbere (patenti wa Amerika 782312 - Alfred Zehden mu 1905).Igizwe na "primaire" igizwe numurongo wibyuma byamashanyarazi hamwe nubwinshi bwibiceri byumuringa bitangwa na voltage yicyiciro cya gatatu na "secondaire" muri rusange igizwe nicyuma nicyuma cyumuringa cyangwa aluminium.
Iyo ibiceri byibanze byongerewe ingufu icya kabiri gihinduka magnet kandi umurima wumurongo wa eddy ukorwa mumashanyarazi ya kabiri.Uyu murima wa kabiri uzahita ukorana ninyuma yibanze EMF kugirango itange ingufu.Icyerekezo cyerekezo kizakurikiza Fleming ibumoso-ni;icyerekezo cyicyerekezo kizaba cyerekezo cyerekezo cyubu nicyerekezo cyumurima / flux.
Igishushanyo 2
Moteri ya induction itanga inyungu yikiguzi gito cyane kuko icya kabiri ntigikoresha magnesi zihoraho.NdFeB na SmCo magnesi zihoraho zihenze cyane.Moteri ya induction ikoresha ibikoresho bisanzwe, (ibyuma, aluminium, umuringa), kubwa kabiri kandi bikuraho ibyago byo gutanga.
Ariko, ikibi cyo gukoresha moteri ya induction umurongo ni ukuboneka kwa drives kuri moteri nkiyi.Mugihe byoroshye cyane kubona drives ya moteri ihoraho ya moteri, biragoye cyane kubona drives ya moteri ya induction.
Igishushanyo 3
Imashini ihoraho ya Magnetique Ihuza Imashini
Imashini ihoraho ya magnetiki ya syncronous moteri (PMLSM) ifite ahanini ibanze nkibimoteri byinjira (ni ukuvuga, ibishishwa byashyizwe kumurongo wibyuma byamashanyarazi kandi bigatwarwa na voltage yibice bitatu).Icyiciro cya kabiri kiratandukanye.
Mu mwanya w'isahani ya aluminium cyangwa umuringa ushyizwe ku isahani y'icyuma, icya kabiri kigizwe na magnesi zihoraho zashyizwe ku isahani y'ibyuma.Buri cyerekezo cya magneti cyo guhinduranya kizasimburana kubijyanye nicyambere nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 3.
Inyungu igaragara yo gukoresha magnesi zihoraho nugukora umurima uhoraho murwego rwa kabiri.Twabonye ko imbaraga zitangwa kuri moteri ya induction imikoranire yumurima wibanze hamwe numurima wa kabiri uboneka gusa nyuma yumurima wumuyaga wa eddy washyizweho mugice cya kabiri ukoresheje moteri ya moteri.Ibi bizavamo gutinda kwitwa "kunyerera" no kugenda kwa kabiri ntabwo bihuye na voltage y'ibanze yatanzwe kuri primaire.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, induction umurongo wa moteri yitwa "asinchronous".Kuri moteri ihoraho ya moteri, icyerekezo cya kabiri kizahora gihujwe na voltage yibanze kuko umurima wa kabiri uhora uboneka kandi nta gutinda.Kubera iyo mpamvu, moteri yumurongo uhoraho yitwa "synchronous".
Ubwoko butandukanye bwa magnesi zihoraho zirashobora gukoreshwa kuri PMLSM.Mu myaka 120 ishize, igipimo cya buri kintu cyarahindutse.Kuva uyu munsi, PMLSMs ikoresha magneti ya NdFeB cyangwa SmCo ariko umubare munini ukoresha MagNeB.Igishushanyo cya 4 cyerekana amateka yiterambere ryama magnet.
Igishushanyo 4
Imbaraga za rukuruzi zirangwa nimbaraga zayo muri Megagauss-Oersteds, (MGOe).Kugeza hagati ya mirongo inani rwagati gusa ibyuma, Ferrite na Alnico byari bihari kandi bitanga ibicuruzwa bito cyane.Imashini ya SmCo yakozwe mu ntangiriro ya za 1960 ishingiye ku mirimo ya Karl Strnat na Alden Ray nyuma iza gucuruzwa mu mpera za mirongo itandatu.
Igicapo 5
Ibicuruzwa bitanga ingufu za magneti ya SmCo byabanje gukuba inshuro zirenga ebyiri ibicuruzwa byingufu za Alnico.Mu 1984 General Motors na Sumitomo byateje imbere ubwigenge bwa NdFeB, uruganda rwa Neodynium, Iron na Boron.Kugereranya magneti ya SmCo na NdFeB bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 5.
Magnet ya NdFeB itezimbere imbaraga zisumba Magnet ya SmCo ariko zumva cyane ubushyuhe bwinshi.Imashini ya SmCo nayo irwanya cyane kwangirika nubushyuhe buke ariko bihenze cyane.Iyo ubushyuhe bwo gukora bugeze ku bushyuhe ntarengwa bwa magneti magnet atangira gucika intege, kandi iyi demagnetisiyoneri ntisubirwaho.Imashini itakaza magnetisiyasi izatera moteri gutakaza imbaraga kandi ntishobora guhura nibisobanuro.Niba rukuruzi ikora munsi yubushyuhe ntarengwa 100% yigihe, imbaraga zayo zizabikwa hafi igihe kitazwi.
Kubera igiciro kinini cya magnetiki ya SmCo, magnet ya NdFeB nuguhitamo kwiza kuri moteri nyinshi, cyane cyane bitewe nimbaraga zishoboka ziboneka.Nyamara, kuri porogaramu zimwe aho ubushyuhe bwo gukora bushobora kuba hejuru cyane ni byiza gukoresha magneti ya SmCo kugirango ugume kure yubushyuhe bukabije bwo gukora.
Igishushanyo cya moteri yumurongo
Moteri y'umurongo isanzwe ikorwa hifashishijwe Finite Element Electromagnetic Simulation.Hazashyirwaho icyitegererezo cya 3D kugirango kigereranye urumuri rwa lamination, coil, magnesi, hamwe nicyapa gishyigikira magnesi.Umwuka uzerekanwa hafi ya moteri kimwe no mu kirere.Hanyuma ibikoresho bizinjizwa mubice byose: magnesi, ibyuma byamashanyarazi, ibyuma, ibishishwa, numwuka.Nyuma hazashyirwaho mesh ukoresheje H cyangwa P hamwe nicyitegererezo cyakemutse.Noneho ikigezweho gikoreshwa kuri buri coil murugero.
Igishushanyo cya 6 cyerekana ibisohoka byigana aho flux muri tesla igaragara.Ibyingenzi bisohoka agaciro kinyungu zo kwigana birumvikana imbaraga za moteri kandi zizaboneka.Kuberako impinduka zanyuma za coil zidatanga ingufu, birashoboka kandi gukora simulation ya 2D ukoresheje moderi ya 2D (DXF cyangwa ubundi buryo) bwa moteri harimo laminations, magnesi, hamwe nicyuma gishyigikira magnesi.Ibisohoka nkibi 2D bigereranywa cyane na simulation ya 3D kandi neza bihagije kugirango dusuzume imbaraga za moteri.
Igishushanyo 6
Moteri yo kwinjiza umurongo izerekanwa kimwe, haba hakoreshejwe 3D cyangwa 2D ariko gukemura bizaba bigoye kuruta PMLSM.Ibi ni ukubera ko magnetiki flux ya PMLSM ya kabiri izahita igereranwa ako kanya nyuma yo kwinjira mumitungo ya magneti, kubwibyo rero igisubizo kimwe gusa kizasabwa kugirango ubone indangagaciro zose zisohoka harimo nimbaraga za moteri.
Nyamara, flux ya kabiri ya moteri ya induction izakenera isesengura ryinzibacyuho (bivuze gukemura inshuro nyinshi mugihe runaka) kugirango magnetiki flux ya LIM yisumbuye ishobora kubakwa hanyuma noneho imbaraga zikaboneka.Porogaramu ikoreshwa kuri Electromagnetic Finite Element Simulation izakenera kugira ubushobozi bwo gukora isesengura ryigihe gito.
Icyiciro cya moteri
Igicapo 7
Hiwin Corporation itanga moteri yumurongo kurwego rwibigize.Muri iki kibazo, gusa moteri yumurongo hamwe na module ya kabiri bizatangwa.Kuri moteri ya PMLSM, module ya kabiri izaba igizwe nibyuma byuburebure butandukanye hejuru ya magnesi zihoraho zizateranyirizwa hamwe.Hiwin Corporation nayo itanga ibyiciro byuzuye nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo 7.
Urwego nkurwo rurimo ikadiri, umurongo ugereranije, moteri yibanze, magneti ya kabiri, igare ryumukiriya kugerekaho umushahara we, kodegisi, hamwe numuyoboro wa kabili.Icyiciro cya moteri kizaba cyiteguye gutangira mugihe cyo gutanga no koroshya ubuzima kuko umukiriya atazakenera gushushanya no gukora icyiciro, gisaba ubumenyi bwinzobere.
Imirongo ya moteri yumurongo wa serivisi Ubuzima
Ubuzima bwa serivisi kumurongo wa moteri ni ndende cyane kurenza icyiciro gitwarwa n'umukandara, imipira yumupira cyangwa rack na pinion.Ibikoresho bya mehaniki yibyiciro bitaziguye ni ibice byambere byananiranye kubera guterana no kwambara bikomeza guhura nabyo.Icyiciro cya moteri yumurongo ni disikuru itaziguye idafite imashini cyangwa kwambara kuko uburyo bwo kohereza ni umwuka.Kubwibyo, ibice byonyine bishobora kunanirwa kumurongo wa moteri yumurongo ni umurongo ugereranya cyangwa moteri ubwayo.
Imirongo isanzwe ifite ubuzima burebure cyane kuberako umutwaro wa radiyo ari muto cyane.Ubuzima bwa serivisi ya moteri buzaterwa nubushyuhe bwo gukora.Igicapo 8 cerekana ubuzima bwimodoka nkibikorwa byubushuhe.Itegeko ni uko ubuzima bwa serivisi buzagabanywa kabiri kuri dogere selisiyusi 10 ko ubushyuhe bwo gukora buri hejuru yubushyuhe bwagenwe.Kurugero, moteri ya Insulation icyiciro F izakora amasaha 325.000 mugihe cy'ubushyuhe bwa 120 ° C.
Kubwibyo, biteganijwe ko icyiciro cya moteri kizaba gifite ubuzima bwimyaka 50+ mugihe moteri yatoranijwe muburyo bwitondewe, ubuzima bwa serivisi budashobora na rimwe kugerwaho numukandara, imipira, cyangwa rack na pinion.
Igicapo 8
Porogaramu Kuri Moteri
Moteri ya induction (LIM) ikoreshwa cyane mubisabwa bifite urugendo rurerure kandi aho imbaraga nyinshi zisabwa zahujwe n'umuvuduko mwinshi cyane.Impamvu yo guhitamo moteri ya induction umurongo ni ukubera ko ikiguzi cya kabiri kizaba kiri hasi cyane ugereranije no gukoresha PMLSM kandi ku muvuduko mwinshi cyane imikorere ya moteri ya Linear Induction iri hejuru cyane, bityo ingufu nke zizabura.
Kurugero, EMALS (Electromagnetic Launch Systems), ikoreshwa kubatwara indege mugutangiza indege zikoresha moteri ya induction.Sisitemu ya mbere ya moteri ifite umurongo yashyizwe kuri USS Gerald R. Ford itwara indege.Moteri irashobora kwihutisha indege ya 45.000 kg kuri 240 km / h kumurongo wa metero 91.
Urundi rugero parike yimyidagaduro igenda.Moteri yumurongo wa induction yashyizwe kuri zimwe muri sisitemu irashobora kwihutisha imitwaro myinshi cyane kuva 0 kugeza 100 km / h mumasegonda 3.Icyiciro cya moteri yumurongo urashobora kandi gukoreshwa kuri RTU, (Ibinyabiziga bitwara abantu).RTUs nyinshi zikoresha disiki ya rack na pinion ariko moteri yumurongo wa induction irashobora gutanga imikorere ihanitse, igiciro gito, nubuzima bwa serivisi ndende.
Imashini ihoraho ya moteri
PMLSMs izakoreshwa mubisanzwe hamwe na tronc ntoya, umuvuduko muke ariko muremure kugeza hejuru cyane kandi ninshingano zikomeye.Inyinshi murizo porogaramu ziboneka muri AOI (Automatic Optical Inspection), semiconductor ninganda za mashini za laser.
Guhitamo ibinyabiziga bigendeshwa na moteri, (ibiyobora bitaziguye), bitanga inyungu zingenzi zirenze ibinyabiziga bitaziguye, (ibyiciro aho umurongo ugenda uboneka muguhindura icyerekezo), kubishushanyo birebire kandi bikwiranye ninganda nyinshi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-06-2023